Pronouns

Pronoun Is a word used to replace nouns that can be people, objects, animals, places, or abstract concepts. This pronoun is one of eight parts of speech.

Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun Is a pronoun used for people, animals, objects, or specific things. This form of pronoun depends on the role (subject, object, possessive), number, person, and gender of the replaced noun.

Change of Shape on Personal Pronoun

Different from the noun that has the same shape when functioning as the subject or object and the addition of apostrophe when functioning as possessive, the change in the pronoun refers to several parameters:

Case (subjective, objective, & possessive)

Number (singular & plural)

Person (first, second, & third)

Gender (female, male, & neutral)

Changes in the form of this pronoun can be seen in the table as follows.

Number	Person	Case
		Subjective	Objective	Possessive
Singular	1st	I	me	mine
	2nd	you	you	yours
	3rd	she, he, it	her, him, it	hers, his, its
Plural	1st	we	us	ours
	2nd	you	you	yours
	3rd	they	them	theirs

Subjective, Objective, dan Possessive Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun cas be use as subject, object, or possessive. The following explanation and example of the sentence.

Role	Personal Pronoun Sentences
Subjective personal pronouns (I, you, they, we, she, he, it)
This means the pronoun serves as a subject.	He is a politician. (Dia adalah politisi.)
	It is the most delicious cake that I have ever eaten. (Ini kue terlezat yang saya pernah makan.)
Objective personal pronouns (me, you, us, them, her, him, it)
This means the pronoun serves as: ·         object of a verb ·         object of a preposition	object of a verb: ·         He lent me two interesting books. (Dia meminjami saya dua buku yang menarik.) ·         None understands why the man reallyloves her. (Tak satupun mengerti kenapa pria tersebut mencintai dia.) ·         Everybody is enthusiastic to help her. (Setiap orang antusias membantunya.)
	object of a preposition: If only he shared his problem with me. (Seandainya dia membagi masalahnya kepada saya.)
Possessive personal pronouns (mine, yours, ours, theirs, hers, his, its)
This means the pronoun serves for shows who has something with the position as: subject of a sentence, subject complement, or object.	subject of a sentence: Yours was sent yesterday. (Milikmu dikirim kemarin), Mine is the biggest one. (Punyaku yang terbesar.)
	subject complement: The red and black car is his. (Mobil merah-hitam tsb milik dia.), That is ours. (Itu punya kita.)

Position of Personal Pronoun as 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Person

Personal pronoun can occupy the position as 1st person, 2nd person, atau 3rd person. Explanations and examples of the sentence as follows.

Function	Personal Pronoun Sentences
1st person — orang pertama (I, me, we, us)
While speaking as the first person (self), we can use the pronoun instead using his name.	I would be very happy if you lent me a little money. (Saya akan sangat senang jika kamu meminjami saya sedikit uang.)
	We‘re looking for a philanthropist to support us. (Kami sedang mencari seorang dermawan untuk mendukung kami.)
2nd person — orang kedua (you)
When talking to other people (acting as a second person), we can use the pronoun for the second person rather than the real name.	You shouldn’t put yours anywhere. (Kamu tidak seharnya meletakkan milikmu dimana-mana.)
	I will help you to get yours. (Saya akan membantumu mendapatkan milikmu.)
3rd person — orang ketiga (she, he, it, her, him, it, they, them)
When we are talking about another person (someone else acts as third person), we can say his name at the beginning of the conversation, the replaced with a third person pronoun.	Ferdi is a generous man. He always sets aside his for the poor and visits the orphanage. Everybody likes him. (Ferdi adalah orang yang pemurah. Dia selalu menyisihkan miliknya untuk orang miskin dan mengunjungi panti asuhan. Setiap orang menyukainya.)

Appositive and Personal Pronoun

Personal Pronoun can be used to appositive. If appositive explain about subject, pronouns used is subjective personal pronouns (I, you, they, we, she, he, it). Otherwise if appositive explain about object, the the pronoun used is objective personal pronouns (me, you, us, them, her, him, it).

Appositive dan Personal Pronoun examples:

1	The team, Atiek and he, got two gold medals. (Tim tersebut, Atiek dan dia, mendapatkan dua medali emas.) explanation: ·         The team= subject ·         Atiek and he = appositive ·         he = subjective pp
2	Diana invited her best friends, Vina and me, to her wedding party. (Diana mengundang teman-teman baiknya, Vina dan saya, ke pesta pernikahannya.) explanation: ·         her best friend = object ·         Vina and me= appositive ·         me = objective pp

Note:

A polite formula puts this pronoun (subjective & objective) after other name people (Atiek and he, Vina and me).

Possessive Pronoun

Possessive Pronoun Is a pronoun that serves to indicate ownership. In a sentence, this word can occupy a position as subject, subject complement, atau direct object.

Possessive Pronoun vs. Possessive Adjective

This word is similar to possessive adjective (also called possessive determiner) — one meaning but different in structure. Possessive pronoun replace noun while possessive adjective puts before noun.

Person	Number	Possessive Pronoun	Number	Possessive Adjective
1st	singular	mine	singular or plural	my
2nd		yours		your
3rd		hers, his, its		her, his, its
1st	plural	ours		our
2nd		yours		your
3rd		theirs		their

Hers and her for  female (perempuan), his for male (laki-laki), and its for neutral gender.

Possessive Pronoun vs. Adjective Sentences:

Possessive Pronoun	Possessive Adjective
Mine has worn out. (Punya saya sudah aus.)	My shoes have worn out. (Sepatu saya sudah aus.)
I like yours. (Saya suka punyamu.)	I like your style. (Saya suka gayamu.)
This is hers. (Ini miliknya.)	This is her scarf. (ini syalnya.)
They are using ours. (Mereka sedang menggunakan punya kita.)	They are using our tools. (Mereka sedang menggunakan peralatan kita.)
Yours are on the table. (Punya kalian di atas meja.)	Your tickets are on the table. (Tiket kalian di atas meja.)
Theirs are the best for dry skin. (Punya mereka terbaik untuk kulit kering.)	Their products are the best for dry skin. (Produk mereka terbaik untuk kulit kering.)

 

Possessive pronoun used when object of possession known by context. Usually there are parts of the predecessor or antecedent, singular or plural, associated with that object of possession

Possessive Pronoun sentences:

1	My brother’s study table was pink. Mine was light blue. (Meja belajar saudara saya merah muda. Punya saya biru muda.)
2	I hate my job. Do you hate yours? (Saya benci pekerjaan saya. Apa kamu benci (pekerjaanmu)?)
3	Whose wallet is this? It’s hers. (Dompet punya siapa ini? Itu miliknya.)
4	Those aren’t our new uniforms. Those are theirs. (Itu bukan seragam baru kita. Itu punya mereka.)

Reflexive Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun Is a pronoun (pronoun) used to indicate that the subject (in the form of a person or animal) accepts the action of the verb (reciprocal action) in a sentence.

This pronoun consists of: myself, yourself, herself, self, itself, in singular form, and yourselves, ourselves, and themselves in the plural form. Its form is identical with intensive pronoun.

Reflexive Pronoun Example

Pronoun	Reflexive Pronoun Sentences
Singular
myself	I‘m going to buy myself new jeans. (Saya akan membeli jeans baru untuk saya sendiri.)
yourself	It’s essential to treat others like you treat yourself. (Penting untuk mmemperlakukan orang lain seperti kamu memperlakukan diri sendiri.)
herself	She asked herself why she was easy to be panic. (Dia bertanya pada dirinya sendiri mengapa dulu dia mudah panik.)
himself	Hendri didn’t blame himself for the accident. (Hendri tidak menyalahkan dirinya sendiri terhadap kecelakaan tersebut.)
itself	The cat is licking itself. (Kucing itu sedang menjilayi dirinya.)
Plural
yourselves	Why don’t you watch yourselves on TV? (Mengapa kamu tidak menonton dirimu di TV?)
ourselves	We should give time for ourselves to take a rest. (Kita seharusnya memberi waktu untuk diri kita sendiri untuk beristirahat.)
themselves	The students ate cookies that they cooked by themselves. (Siswa-siswa tersebut makan kue yang mereka masak sendiri.)

Combination Subject

Subject proper noun (person's name) sometimes combined with pronoun. In this condition, the reflexive pronoun used is adjusted to the order of persons (1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person).

 

Sample Combination Subject:

• Early and I tried to motivate ourselves. (I = 1st person -> ourselves = 1st person plural reflexive pronoun)

• Luna, Gerry, and you have embarrassed yourselves. (You = 2nd person -> yourselves = 2nd person plural reflexive pronoun)

The selection of pronouns applies equally when the subject is pronounced with other pronouns.

Sample Blend:

You and I often adore ourselves. (I = 1st person -> ourselves = 1st person plural reflexive pronoun)

One dan Oneself

One has its own form for its reflexive pronoun, oneself. But the form is usually used in formal writing and speech. In addition it can also be replaced with himself or herself. However it would be annoying if the form should be repeated in a reading. Another solution is to change the format to plural (ones).

Examples of Use of One and Oneself:

• Do not be One who enrichs oneself without caring others.

• Do not be One who enrichs himself or herself without caring others.

• Do not be Ones who enrich themselves without caring others. (Plural version).

Source: www.wordsmile.com (already translated)