ADJECTIVES & ADVERB

Demonstrative Adjective

Demonstrative adjective is a determiner or special adjective used to describe noun in terms of distance and number.

The demonstrative adjective consists of: this, that, these, and those. This determiner has a form identical to the demonstrative pronoun.

Pronoun and Demonstrative Adjective

Both pronoun and demonstrative adjective, have the same parameters, namely distance and number. Here is the relationship between parameters with demonstrative adjective.

Number	Distance	Demonstrative Adjective/Pronoun
Singular	Far (jauh)	that
	Near (dekat)	this
Plural	Far (jauh)	those
	Near (dekat)	these

Unlike the demonstrative adjective that serves to explain noun and is in front of the noun described, the demonstrative pronoun functions to replace noun, either singular (this, that) or plural (these, those). In clauses or sentences, singular noun followed by singular verb and vice versa.

Some examples of both sentences are as follows [Subject = S; Object = O].

Demonstrative Pronoun	Demonstrative Adjective
This
This is too much. [S] (Ini terlalu banyak.)	This food is too much. [S] (Makanan ini terlalu banyak.)
I found this in the library. [O] (Saya menemukan ini di perpustakaan.)	I found this book in the library. [O] (Saya menemukan buku ini di perpustakaan.)
That
That is my classmate. [S] (Itu teman sekelas saya.)	That girl is my classmate. [S] (Anak itu teman sekelas saya.)
I love that. [O] (Saya suka itu.)	I love that place. [O] (Saya suka tempat itu.)
These
These are our references. [S] (Ini referensi kita.)	These international journals are our references. [S] (Jurnal-jurnal internasional ini referensi kita.)
He used these. [O] (Dia menggunakan ini.)	He used these products. [O] (Dia menggunakan produk-produk ini.)
Those
Those are no longer fit for my feets. [S] (Itu tak lagi pas untuk kakiku.)	Those shoes are no longer fit for my feets. [S] (Sepatu itu tak lagi pas untuk kakiku.)
Did you cook those? [O] (Apakah kamu memasak itu?)	Did you cook those pies? [O] (Apakah kamu memasak pai itu?)

Qualitative Adjective

Qualitative adjective Is an adjective that describes the characteristics or judgments (opinions) of a noun (noun).

Example Qualitative Adjective:

·         cheap, expensive

·         easy, difficult

·         far, near

·         good, bad

·         happy, sad

·         narrow, wide

·         normal, ordinary

·         weak, strong

·         big, small, slim, little

·         tall, short, long

·         young, old

This type of adjective may be placed before the noun as an attributive adjective (a young woman), or after being linked with verbs (be, look, taste, seem, etc) as a predicative adjective (She is young.).

Qualitative Adjective: Gradable, Comparative, dan Superlative

Different with classifying adjectives, qualitative adjectives are usually gradable (can be modified in front of or behind them by adverbs of degree: very, fairly, a bit, extremely, really, so, somewhat, etc) and have a comparative "-er / more / irregular "Or superlative" -est / most / irregular ".

Example Qualitative Adjective:

Positive	Adverb of Degree	Comparative	Superlative
big	very big	bigger	the biggest
expensive	so expensive	more expensive	the most expensive
bad	extremely bad	worst	the worst

Example Qualitative Adjective

No	Example Qualitative Adjective
1	The Pan-American Highway is a very long road. (Pan-American Highway adalah jalan yang sangat panjang.)
2	The highway is longer than the Trans-Siberian Highway. (Jalan raya tersebut lebih panjang dari Trans-Siberian Highway.)
3	It is the longest road in the world. (Itu adalah jalan terpanjang di dunia.)

Attributive Adjective

Attributive adjective is an adjective or adjective phrase that normally occupies a position before noun.

If the adjective occupies a position after the noun it describes but without the verb dialing (different from the predictor) is called postpositive.

Example Attributive Adjective

information:

·         attributive = bold

·         noun = italic

No	Example Attributive Adjective
1	My uncle owns two beautiful cottages. (Paman saya memiliki dua cottage yang indah.)
2	When should they carry out the big plan? (Kapan seharusnya mereka melaksanakan rencana besar tersebut?)
3	Diego wanted to know whether I had heard the good news. (Diego ingin tau apakah saya telah mendengar berita baik tersebut.)
4	Reny has someone special in her heart. (Reny mempunyai seseorang yang spesial di hatinya.) [postpositive]
5	Can I borrow your long ruler for a moment? (Dapatkah saya meminjam penggaris panjangmu sebentar?)
6	There are three workers. The fair-skinned worker seemed more excited than the others. (Ada tiga pekerja. Pekerja yang berkulit putih tampak lebih bersemangat dari pada yang lain.)
7	I will teach you the easiest way to solve the math problem. (Saya akan mengajarkanmu cara termudah untuk menyelesaikan soal matematika itu.)
8	He’s smelling the white coffee. (Dia sedang membaui kopi putih).

Predicative Adjective

Predicative adjective is an adjective whose position after the noun it describes is separated by linking verb (another case with attributive).

The adjective may be accompanied by a qualifier (very, rather, moderately) or modifier (prepositional phrase, infinitive) to form a phrase called adjective phrase. As for predicative adjectiveness fill the position of subject complement.

 

 

Example Predicative Adjective

information:

·         adjective = bold

·         adjective phrase = italic

No	Example Predicative Adjective
1	The children were naughty.
2	July looks very beautiful. (July tampak cantik.)
3	I wish he were nicer to me. (Saya berharap dia lebih baik pada saya.)
4	She feels empty. (Dia merasa hampa.)
5	This grilled fish tastes delicious. (Ikan bakar ini terasa lezat.)
6	Your success is dependent upon your effort. (Kesuksesanmu bergantung pada usahamu.)
7	Her life is full of hapiness. (hidupnya penuh dengan kebahagiaan.)
8	Vitamin E is good for our skin. (Vitamin E bermanfaat untuk kulit kita.)
9	Many customers are satisfied with our company services. (Banyak nasabah puas dengan pelayanan perusahaan kami.)

Adverb of Time

Adverb of time is an adverb used to state the time of an event or event. When is a question word that can be used to ask questions to indicate adverb of time.

Example Adverb of Time

Example Adverb of Time	Sentences of Adverb of Time
already (sudah)	I, together with my pals, already have eaten lunch. (Saya bersama para sahabat sudah makan siang.)
finally (akhirnya)	Tita finally found a solution to solve her academic problem.) (Tita akhrinya menemukan sebuah solusi untuk mengatasi masalah akademiknya.)
recently (baru saja)	The children recently went home. (Anak-anak baru saja pulang.)
now (sekarang)	Please call me later, I’m studying now. (Tolong hubungi lagi nanti, saya sedang belajar sekarang.)
today (hari ini)	Athiya arrives from Osaka today. (Athiya tiba dari Osaka hari ini.)
from … to/until … (dari…sampai)	She’ll prepare for the final test from now to the next saturday. (Dia akan mempersiapkan tes akhir dari sekarang sampai sabtu depan.)
in the 20th century (abad keduapuluh), in the past (dulu)	In the 20th century, there are so many social networking websites. (Pada abad keduapuluh, ada begitu banyak website jejaring sosial.)
ago (yang lalu), two days ago (dua hari lalu), a month ago (satu bulan lalu)	They sent a box of tiramisu cake to me eleven days ago. (Mereka mengirim sekotak kue tiramisu untukku sebelah hari yang lalu.)
last tuesday (selasa lalu) last week (minggu lalu), last month (bulan lalu), last year (tahun lalu)	I paid a call my friend in the hospital last week. (Saya menjenguk teman di rumah sakit minggu kemarin.)
yesterday (kemarin), yesterday morning (kemarin pagi), yesterday afternoon (kemarin siang), yesterday night (kemarin malam)	He got the birthday surprise party yesterday. (Dia mendapat kejutan pesta ulang tahun kemarin.)
since 1983 (sejak 1983)	The factory has operated since 1983. (Pabrik tersebut telah beroparasi sejak 1983.)
then (pada saat itu)	She was poor then. (Dia miskin pada saat itu.)
tomorrow (besok), tomorrow morning (besok pagi)	She’ll have dinner at the cafe near her home tomorrow. (Dia akan makan malam di kafe dekat rumah besok.)

Adverb of Place and Direction

Adverb of place and direction is adverb (adverb) used to state the place and direction of an event or event.

There is also adverbial repositional phrase (in the form of preposition of place) that can function like adverb of place.

Where can be used to ask questions to indicate adverb of place and direction.

Example sentences of Adverb(ial) of Place and Direction

Ex of Adverb(ial) of Place and Direction	Ex sentences of Adverb of Place
here (di sini/ke sini) there (di sana/ke sana)	He is watching the football match there. (Dia sedang menonton pertandingan bola di sana.)
in bandung (di Bandung)	Alma works in Bandung for a while. (Alma bekerja di Bandung untuk sementara.)
north (utara) south (selatan) east (timur) west (barat)	My apartment faces north. (Apartemen saya menghadap utara.)
north of… (utara dari…) south of… (selatan dari…) east of… (timur dari…) west of Cilegon (barat dari Cilegon)	They built a house ten miles west of Cilegon. (Mereka membangun rumah sepuluh kilometer ke barat dari Cilegon.)
to Jakarta (ke Jakarta)	I’m on a flight to Jakarta. (Saya sedang dalam penerbangan ke Jakarta.)
above (di atas) upstairs (di atas) below (di bawah) back (di belakang) around (sekeliling)	The jet plane flew above. (Pesawat jet terbang di atas.)
away (jauh)	She lives away from her parents. (Dia tinggal jauh dari orangtua nya.)
somewhere (di suatu tempat) everywhere (dimana-mana)	You can find the mineral water everywhere. (Kamu dapat menemukan mineral water itu dimana-mana.)

Source: wordsmile.com (already translated)