Problem Vocabulary and Prepositions

Commonly misused words

The following words are often misused by native english speakers as well as non native speakers. Sometimes the spelling are so similiar that people fail to distinguish between them. Others are pronounced exactly the same, but they are spelled differently and have different meanings. Words in the letter category are called homonyms. Study the words, parts of speecg (noun, verb, etc)

Definition, and simple sentence in his list.

ANGEL (noun) –a spiritual or heavenly being. The christmas card portayed a choir of angels hovering over the shephereds.

ANGEL (noun) –a figure out formed by two lines meetin at a common point. The carpenters placed the plunks at right angle.

Confusingly related words

1.      Advice, Advise

Advice : Opinion given someone (noun form)

Advise  : Act of giving an opinion (verb form)

·         She can give you a good advice will make you to be a better person

·         I can find the best way to advise your brother

2.      Affect, Effect

Affect  : Mean influence (usually a verb)

Effect   : End result of influence (usually a noun)

·         This supplement can affect my concentration on work

·         The effect of Tsunami was devasting

3.      Save, Safe

Save     : Mean to keep or to save (verb)

Safe     : Mean giving protection (adjective)

·         Please save this document

·         I feel safe with you

Problem Vocabulary and Preposition

Problem Vocabulary and Prepositions

The following suggestion will be useful in helping you improve ytour vocabulary.

1. Read well-written books,magazines, and newspapers, magazines such astimes and newsweek.

2. Look up every word that are unfamiliar to you in the practice test in this book and in other reading

    material. keep a notebook of an familiar words, write the word,the definition,and an original

    sentences in your notebook and study it often. 

3. Study the problem vocabulary items and two-word verbs (verbal idioms) in this book.

4. review your vocabulary word notebook often,repetition will help you to remember the meaning of

    difficult words.

Source: http://sanseveira.blogspot.co.id/p/3-problem-vocabulary-and-prepositions.html

Participial Adjective

Participial adjective is an ending -ing or -ed adjective that usually exhibits properties like other adjectives. -ing to form the present participle, whereas -ed (not always; -ed only to represent) for the past participle.

Participial adjective is called jugaverbal adjective or deverbal adjective.

Form Participial Adjective

There are participial adjectives that have the appropriate verb version, some are not. If there is a corresponding version of the verb, then there is also a versiparticipial verb that looks exactly the same as the participial adjective.

Verb	Participial Verb	Participial Adjective
to disturb, to irritate, to annoy	disturbing, irritating, annoying	disturbing, irritating, annoying
–	–	well-built, unknown

Many participial adjectives that have no verb versions serve either as attributive or predicative in combination with nouns (forming a compound adjective).

Example of Participial Adjective:

As Attributive	As Predicative
sun-dried tomatoes	The tomatoes were sun dried.
wind-powered cars	The cars are wind powered.
mouth-watering lasagna	This lasagna is mouth watering.
record-breaking natural disasters	The natural disasters were record breaking.

Nature of Participial Adjective

Like other adjectives, the participial adjective can:

• modified with adverb of degree:

Very embarrassing moments, very confusing questions, extremely well trained dogs, less damaging hair dye

• formed comparative and superlative it:

The confusing question, more confusing question, the most confusing question

• most can be used either as attributive or predicative:

As Attributive	As Predicative
These are confusing questions.	These questions are confusing.
That’s well-trained dog.	That dog is well trained.

As predicative, this word often appears after linking verbs like: be, become, danseem. -Ing adjectives tend to describe a person or something, while a -ed adjective to talk about feelings.

Example Of Participial Adjective with Linking Verb:

·         The customers seemed interested, but they didn’t call back.

·         He becomes depressed easily.

Meaning of Participial Adjective

The participant adjective means the same as the active verb. Meaning, the noun that he describes acts as a performer (the actor, the cause) of the activity called the present participle.

Example Present-Participial Adjective:

·         amazing pictures ~ pictures that amaze

·         fact-finding techniques ~ techniques that find facts

In contrast to the past-participial adjective, these adjectives are mostly passive. In other words, the described noun is the receiver (receiver, the sensing) of the activity called the past participle.

Source: wordsmile.com (already translated)

DEFINITIONS AND EXAMPLES STYLE IN WRITTEN ENGLISH

1. QUESTION

     Question tags are short questions that are added at the end of the statement (declarative sentence) to ask for information or request approval.

  

Example Question Tag:

1) They will attend the seminar, will not they?

(They will attend the seminar right?).

2) They can not write a letter, can they?

      (They can not write a letter, do they?).

3) Your sister does not like doll, does she? No, she does not.

            (Your sister does not like dolls, does she? No).

2. SAY OR TELL

     Say and Tell have slightly different meanings, namely "say" and "say". In Grammar (English), especially in the topic Reported Speech, both have different patterns.

Say and Tell example:

1) - Would you come with us tomorrow?

                  (Will you come with us tomorrow?).

- He asked me if I want to go with them the following day.

(He asked me if I would go with them the next day).

2) - I did not do it! (I did not do it!)

- He said that he had not done it. (He said that he did not do it).

3) - I'll bring the book back tomorrow.

                   (I'll bring the book back tomorrow).

- She said that she would bring the book back the following day.

 (He said he would bring the book back the next day).

3. ANTECENDENES OF PRONOUN       

Pronoun is a word used to replace noun, noun phrase, noun clause, other pronoun, or any other construction acting as noun. In a sentence, this word can refer to the previously mentioned noun. While antecedent is a word, phrase, or clause that is referred or replaced by pronoun. In a sentence, usually antecedent is before pronoun.     

Example Antecendenes Of Pronoun:

1) To get rich, the man gave his money away to charity. (To be rich, the man donates his money to charity).

2) You should submit the report to your teacher immediately. (You must submit the report to your teacher as soon as possible).

3) Luna and Iin have decided to do their task. (Luna and Iin have decided to rework their work).

4. PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES      

Adjective is the adjective and its function to explain the noun. Participial adjective is adjective in V + ing form (Present Participle) and V + ed (Past Participle).    

Example of Participles As Adjectives:

1) So much work was (overwhelming). The staff are (overwhelmed). (So ​​much work is (excessive) Staff (overwhelmed)).

2) I was so (entertained) by the movie. The movie was very (entertaining). (I am so (entertained) by the film This movie is very (entertaining)).

3) The direction to the hotel was (confusing). The driver was (confused). (Direction to this hotel (confusing) .The driver was (confused)).

5. PARALEL CONTRUCTION      

Correlative Conjunction is a commonly used hyphen in order to express parallel and synchronous relationships between two words or clauses such as subject, object and other clauses. The nature of the relationship of both is usually grammatically parallel (parallel position) that is why this material is usually called Parallel Construction.

Example Parallel Contruction:

1) You should study hard otherwise you will be behind behind. (You must study hard otherwise you will be left behind).

2) I will go unless it rains. (I will go unless it rains).

3) I like either singing songs or playing music. (I like songs either singing or playing music).

Source: http://softskill16.blogspot.co.id/2014/06/style-in-written-english.html (already translated)

The use of relative

clause is very easy and can be used for various contexts of conversation and writing. The term refers to the use of a set of words into clauses. That is, this sentence is an integral part of the main sentence.

Actually, the notion of relative clause is very clear. It is a group of words as a clause whose function describes the previous word / phrase. Sometimes, a relative clause is also called an adjective clause.

Formulas and Examples of Relative Clause

To pursue is also quite facilitated because the relative clause is a collection of words that can be directly understood as an explanation of the previous sentence. There are five types of connecting words used in this phrase, Who, Whom, Whose, Which, and That.

Who is used as a substitute for people as subjects.

Example:

The girl who is walking is my little sister.

(The girl who was walking was my sister)

Whom is used instead of the person as the subject.

Example:

The girl whom I met yesterday is my little sister.

(The girl I met yesterday was my sister)

Whose used as a substitute belongs.

Example:

I met my little sister whose bag is red.

(I met my sister who has a red bag)

Which is used instead of noun.

Example:

This is the music which I always listen.

(This is the music I always listen to)

That is used as a substitute for people and things.

Example:

The girl that I talked will married next month.

(The girl I'm talking about gets married next month)

Relative Clause Usage Indicator in Sentence

From some examples of the above relative clause sentences, we can develop them into more complex sentences. However, to make it easier to identify the use of the five pronouns above, we can use simple formulas. Problem exercises also describe two different sentences that must then be connected in a sentence with a relative clause. Some of the formulas include the following: Notice in the first sentence, if the word indicates the human subject, then the one used as the conjunctive word is If the first sentence shows the human subject followed by a sepan word such as from, by, to, and such, then the use is however the use of this word is rarer because usually used is the who formula. If the first sentence indicates a human or animal, and then followed by a noun, then use If the noun is not to show humans, then the one used is How to identify the pronoun is also easier by observing the signs mentioned above.

Example Relative Clause Problem

Problem exercises are a great way to hone skills in understanding and using relative clauses. In addition, training can overcome confusion because it can not distinguish the right kind of pronoun to connect two sentences. Here is an example of a relative clause. I met a woman ... is angry to everybody. The girl ... I asked gave me some cake. I know the boy ... toy is pricey. I'll show you the book ... she gave to me. The old man with ... you came to the school is my uncle. In the first sentence, the word used is who. Because explaining the subject as human in front of him. The second sentence uses whom. The third sentence uses its. The fourth sentence uses which, and the last sentence uses whom. Well, so are some practice questions that can be searched again to hone the ability to use relative clause.

Source: http://grammarbahasainggris.net/pengertian-relative-clause-serta-contoh-kalimat-dan-soal.html (already translated)

Passive Voice & Causative Have

Passive Voice

Passive voice (passive voice) is a sentence where the subject is subject to work by object sentence. Active voice is more commonly used in everyday life compared to passive voice. However, we often find passive voice in newspapers, articles in magazines and scientific papers. Passive voice is used because the object of active voice is more important information than its subject.

Example:

⇒ Active: We fertilize the soil every 6 months

⇒ Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

If active voice is in simple present tense, then the 'be' passive voice is is, am or are.

Example:

-          Active: He meets them everyday.

-          Passive: They are met by him everyday.

If active voice is in simple past tense, then the 'be' passive voice is is or were

Example:

-          Active: He met them yesterday

-          Passive: They were met by him yesterday

If the active voice is present perfect tense, then the 'be' passive voice is already placed after the auxiliary has or have, so that 'has been' or 'have been'

Example:

-          Active: He has met them

-          Passive: They have been met by him

If the active voice is in the past perfect tense, then the 'be' passive voice is already placed after the auxiliary had, so that it has been

Example:

-          Active: He had met them before I came.

-          Passive: They had been met by him before I came.

If active voice is in simple future tense, then the 'be' passive voice is be

Example:

-          Active: He will meet them tomorrow.

-          Passive: They will be met by him tomorrow.  

If active voice is in the future perfect tense, then the 'be' passive voice is already placed after the auxiliary will have, so that 'will have been'

Example:

-          Active: He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.

-          Passive: They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

If active voice is in past future perfect tense, then the 'be' passive voice is the one placed after the auxiliary would have, so it 'would have been'.

Example:

-          Active: He would have met them.

-          Passive: We have been met by him.

If active voice is present in continuous tense, then the 'be' passive voice is (is, am or are) + being.

Example:

-          Active: He is meeting them now.

-          Passive: They are being met by him now.

If active voice is in the past continuous tense, then the 'be' passive voice is (wasatau were) + being.

Example:

-          Active: He was meeting them.

-          Passive: They were being met by him.

If active voice is in perfect continuous tense, then the 'be' passive voice is (has / have) been + being.

Example:

-          Active: He has been meeting them.

-          Passive: They have been being met by him.

Causative Have

In Causative have this active form, there will be a subject and 2 objects, the first object is the person / living thing that will be ordered and the second is the dead object. The formula: Subject + have / has / had + Object1 + V1 + Object2

Example:

I have the mechanic repair my car.

(I have the mechanic fix my car.) Here "I" as the subject, and "the mechanic" as the first object told by the "I", and "my car" is the object of both (inanimate).

Source: http://ryananandaputra.blogspot.co.id/2016/07/passive-voice-causative-have.html (already translated)